Paul’s train of thought is this:1. Israel was promised the land.2. God swore that He himself would guarantee this promise to all of Abraham’s descendants by His grace.3. The land is a physical land - but it is entered only resurrection. (Heb 11)4. This means that only those who are justified can enter this land.5. Since justification is by faith, only those who believe can enter this land.6. Since all of Abraham’s descendants are guaranteed this land, Abraham’s descendants are guaranteed to believe.7. But if some of Paul’s kinsmen are descendants of Abraham but they don’t believe, then God’s promise has failed.8. But God’s promise cannot fail, therefore Paul’s unbelieving kinsmen are “not Israel”.9. Paul then shows how this is so: the descendants of Abraham who inherit the promise are those chosen by God (the Isaac over Ishmael, Jacob over Esau).10. Furthermore, God chooses who inherits before they are born, so that salvation is entirely the work of God.11. If God chooses who inherits apart from human will or effort, why does He find fault with me?
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